Geoengineering invloves large-scale and deliberate techniques or interventions used in combination with civil engineering to affect the earth's climate, oceans, soils, and living systems, specifically to counteract global warming. This 2011 report from the Science and Technology Innovation Program reviews the challenges of geoengineering governance and argues for giving much greater attention to upstream governance strategies. Ten concerns about geoengineering are outlined including the potential for unintended consequences, the potential for ineffectiveness, the risk of sudden catastrophic warning and equity issues, among others.